The effort required to reshape things would be huge, but the big problem is that there isn't anyone in the right positions, who has the type of expertise that could do this.
It's an inside the box thing. If you've spent your career in the public service you don't find anything wrong with how they operate. I started in the public service at 40. When I was a finance clerk making $50k I met a woman, a manager, actually, who continually told me how I was being underpaid given my responsibilities. I thought I was getting terrific pay. The difference between us was she'd been in the public service her entire career.
By the time someone climbs up through the ranks of management to the point they have the influence and ability to make changes they often can't recognize that changes are even necessary. I mean, in order to get to where they were they had to make full use of things like 'policies' to protect their backsides, along with forcing their employees to generate unnecessary work to spit out reports to justify decisions (to cover their asses).
As to efficiency: If a light bulb goes out in the government they have to form a committee to explore options and seek alternatives. Can the light bulb be re-activated? Are there alternatives to the light bulb? Is the light really necessary to begin with? Experts will have to be interviewed. Studies reviewed. Extensive buy-in sought from end-users and clients. A list of options reinforced by long-winded rationals and costing will have to be developed and presented to management. Management will then review, recommend and push the recommendation up the ladder to be reviewed by a senior management committee. Ultimately, should they decide to change the light bulb, Procurement will be tasked to offer up bids to light bulb sellers. The competition will be reviewed by Legal to ensure fairness, and in due course, a contract signed, a purchase order approved, and a light bulb ordered. Once it has arrived Government Services Canada will be contacted to come and install the light bulb. Then a review of the end result will be undertaken, a report written up, buy-in sought, and the report forwarded to upper management. (to the simple minded, this is a parable)
But here's the thing. These people aren't idiots. They know it's all a tremendous waste of money. But the only one who can say so is the only beneficiary of it all. Because the point of all that effort isn't that public servants are morons who like to waste their time, but that the executive in charge will be able to justify the decision to replace the light bulb, and the cost, should this be questioned or should the project cause some unforeseen issues. All that work, all that consultation, all that buy-in is basically to cover the ass of the guy who ultimately makes the decision, so it can't damage his career if it goes off the rails.
And they all do it. So by the time you get to a very senior position it's second nature. It's your corporate culture. The only way to kick it over is from the outside but outsiders don't even know the system, so they don't know what to kick. And so we go on...